How quantum computers work and why they are needed

Quantum computers use the principles of superposition and entanglement to process information, which allows them to solve problems that are unachievable for classical machines. They are based on qubits, which can take the states of 0 and 1 simultaneously, as well as entanglement processes that affect the mutual state of qubits regardless of distance. This technology can be seen as a transition from binary bits to quantum states, which opens up new horizons in cryptography, optimization, and modeling of materials.